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Ethiopia |
Capital: Addis Ababa
Languages: Amarigna 32.7%, Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrigna 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
Currency: Birr (ETB)
Background: Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule, one exception being the Italian occupation of 1936-41. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SALASSIE (who had ruled since 1930). Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was toppled by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission remotely demarcated the border by geographical coordinates, but final demarcation of the boundary on the ground is currently on hold because of Ethiopian objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to surrender territory considered sensitive to Ethiopia.
PEOPLE
Population: 76,511,887 (July 2007 est.); 88,013,491 July 2010)
Life expectancy at birth:
2007
Total Population: 49.23 years
Male: 48.06 years
Female: 50.44 years (2007 est.)
2010
Total population: 55.8 years
Male: 53.28 years
Female: 58.39 years (2010 est.)
Age structure:
2007
0-14 years: 43.4% (male 16,657,155/female 16,553,812)
15-64 years: 53.8% (male 20,558,026/female 20,639,076)
65 years and over: 2.7% (male 953,832/female 1,149,986) (2007 est.)
2010
0-14 years: 46.1% (male 19,596,784/female 19,688,887)
15-64 years: 51.2% (male 21,376,495/female 22,304,812)
65 years and over: 2.7% (male 975,923/female 1,294,437) (2010 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.272% (2007 est.); 3.202% (2010 est.)
Population below poverty line: 38.7% (FY05/06 est.)
HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: 4.4% (2003 est.); 2.1% (2007 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 1.5 million (2003 est.); 980,000 (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total Population: 42.7%
Male: 50.3%
Female: 35.1% (2003 est.)
Refugees and Internally Displaced People:
Refugees (country of origin): 73,927 (Sudan), 15,901 (Somalia), 10,700 (Eritrea) (2006)
Refugees (country of origin): 66,980 (Sudan); 16,576 (Somalia); 13,078 (Eritrea) (2007)
IDPs: 100,000-280,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000 and ethnic clashes in Gambela; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2006)
IDPs: 200,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnic clashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgency in Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2007)
ECONOMY
Unemployment rate: N/A
Labour force by Occupation: N/A
Agricultural Products: cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, qat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish
Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement
Exports - Commodities: coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds
Exports - Partners:
China 11%, Germany 9.1%, Japan 7.8%, US 7.1%, Saudi Arabia 6.1%, Djibouti 6%, Italy 5.2% (2006)
China 10.87%, Germany 9.75%, Saudi Arabia 7.39%, US 7.21%, Netherlands 6.38%, Switzerland 5.33%, Sudan 4.35%, Belgium 4% (2009)
Imports - Commodities: food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles
Imports - Partners:
Saudi Arabia 18.1%, China 11.4%, India 8.1%, Italy 5.1% (2006)
China 14.73%, Saudi Arabia 8.41%, India 7.65%, US 4.3% (2009)
ENVIRONMENT
Environment - Current issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management
Natural hazards: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
Source: CIA World Factbook
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