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Tanzania |
Capital: Dar es Salaam (current), Dodoma (designate)
Languages: Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
Currency: Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Background: Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods.
PEOPLE
Population: 39,384,223 (July 2007 est.); 41,892,895
Life expectancy at birth:
2007
Total Population: 50.71 years
Male: 49.41 years
Female: 52.04 years (2007 est.)
2010
Total population: 52.49 years
Male: 50.99 years
Female: 54.03 years (2010 est.)
Age structure:
2007
0-14 years: 43.9% (male 8,666,227/female 8,624,387)
15-64 years: 53.3% (male 10,330,727/female 10,649,507)
65 years and over: 2.8% (male 491,252/female 622,123) (2007 est.)
2010
0-14 years: 43% (male 8,853,529/female 8,805,810)
15-64 years: 54.1% (male 10,956,133/female 11,255,868)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 513,959/female 663,233) (2010 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.091% (2007 est.); 2.032% (2010 est.)
Population below poverty line: N/A
HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: 6.5% (2006 est.); 6.2% (2007 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 1,400,000 (2006 est.); 1.4 million (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic N/A
Refugees and Internally Displaced People:
Refugees (country of origin): 393,611 (Burundi), 150,112 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2006)
Refugees (country of origin): 352,640 (Burundi); 127,973 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)
ECONOMY
Unemployment rate: N/A
Labour force by Occupation: N/A
Agricultural Products: coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Industries: agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer
Exports - Commodities: gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton
Exports - Partners:
China 8.8%, India 8.8%, Netherlands 6.2%, Japan 5.3%, UAE 4.2%, Germany 4.2% (2006)
India 8.51%, China 7.55%, Japan 7.12%, Netherlands 6.21%, UAE 5.71%, Germany 5.17% (2009)
Imports - Commodities: consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Imports - Partners:
South Africa 9.8%, China 9.4%, Kenya 7.8%, India 6.8%, UAE 5.9%, Zambia 5.7% (2006)
India 13.97%, China 13.71%, South Africa 7.8%, Kenya 6.89%, UAE 4.65%, Japan 4.34% (2009)
ENVIRONMENT
Environment - Current issues: soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
Natural hazards: flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Source: CIA World Factbook
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