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Mali |
Capital: Bamako
Languages: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Background: The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semi desert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export.
PEOPLE
Population: 11,995,402 (July 2007 est.); 13,796,354 (July 2010 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
2007
Total Population: 49.51 years
Male: 47.6 years
Female: 51.46 years (2007 est.)
2010
Total population: 52.17 years
Male: 50.59 years
Female: 53.8 years (2010 est.)
Age structure:
2007
0-14 years: 48.2% (male 2,921,914/female 2,853,976)
15-64 years: 48.8% (male 2,891,494/female 2,959,142)
65 years and over: 3.1% (male 149,301/female 219,575) (2007 est.)
2010
0-14 years: 47.6% (male 3,220,491/female 3,177,823)
15-64 years: 49.5% (male 3,241,250/female 3,406,757)
65 years and over: 3% (male 189,886/female 207,018) (2010 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.681% (2007 est.); 2.607% (2010 est.)
Population below poverty line: N/A
HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: 1.7% (2006); 1.5% (2007 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 130,000 (2006); 100,000 (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total Population: 46.4%
Male: 53.5%
Female: 39.6% (2003 est.)
Refugees and Internally Displaced People:
Refugees (country of origin): 6,165 (Mauritania) (2006)
Refugees (country of origin): 6,300 (Mauritania) (2007)
ECONOMY
Unemployment rate: N/A
Labour force by Occupation: agriculture: 80%; industry and services: 20% (2001 est.)
Agricultural Products: cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Industries: food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Exports - Commodities: cotton, gold, livestock
Exports - Partners:
China 35.2%, Thailand 9.3%, Taiwan 6.5%, Bangladesh 5.3%, Australia 5% (2006)
China 14.61%, Thailand 8.28%, Pakistan 6.74%, Morocco 6.48%, Burkina Faso 4.67%, France 4.6%, India 4.45% (2009)
Imports - Commodities: petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - Partners:
France 12.8%, Senegal 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.4% (2006)
Senegal 12.21%, France 11.57%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.05%, China 5.89% (2009)
ENVIRONMENT
Environment - Current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Natural hazards: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Source: CIA World Factbook
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