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Somalia |
Languages: Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
Currency: Somali shilling (SOS)
Background: Intermittent civil war has been a fact of life in Somalia since 1977. One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-nomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. After livestock, bananas are the principal export; sugar, sorghum, corn, and fish are products for the domestic market. The small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, accounts for 10% of GDP;
PEOPLE
Population: 9,118,773 (July 2007 est.); 10,112,453 (July 2010)
Life expectancy at birth:
2007
Total Population: 48.84 years
Male: 47.06 years
Female: 50.69 years (2007 est.)
2010
Total population: 50 years
Male: 48.12 years
Female: 51.94 years (2010 est.)
Age structure:
2007
0-14 years: 44.4% (male 2,031,682/female 2,019,629)
15-64 years: 53% (male 2,423,602/female 2,410,126)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 97,932/female 135,802) (2007 est.)
2010
0-14 years: 45% (male 2,215,331/female 2,204,503)
15-64 years: 52.6% (male 2,588,356/female 2,579,737)
65 years and over: 2.5% (male 101,764/female 142,326) (2010 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.832% (2007 est.); 2.809% (2010 est.)
Population below poverty line: N/A
HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: 0.9% (2006 est.); 0.5% (2007 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 44,000 (2006 est.);24,000 (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total Population: 37.8%
Male: 49.7%
Female: 25.8% (2001 est.)
Refugees and Internally Displaced People:
IDPs: 400,000 (civil war since 1988, clan-based competition for resources) (2006)
IDPs: 1.1 million (civil war since 1988, clan-based competition for resources) (2007)
ECONOMY
Unemployment rate: N/A
Labour force by Occupation: agriculture: 71% industry and services: 29% (1975)
Agricultural Products: bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; cattle, sheep, goats; fish
Industries: a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication
Exports - Commodities: livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal
Exports - Partners:
UAE 49.8%, Yemen 21.5%, Oman 6% (2006)
UAE 58.27%, Yemen 20.32%, Saudi Arabia 3.78% (2009)
Imports - Commodities: manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat
Imports - Partners:
Djibouti 31%, India 8.2%, Kenya 8.1%, Brazil 7.7%, Oman 5.5%, UAE 5.2%, Yemen 5% (2006)
Djibouti 30.84%, Kenya 8.06%, India 7.86%, China 6.97%, Brazil 6.59%, Yemen 4.97%, Oman 4.72%, UAE 4.6% (2009)
ENVIRONMENT
Environment - Current issues: famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Natural hazards: recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season.
Source: CIA World Factbook
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